过去分词（past participle）和现在分词一样，也是动词的一种形式。主要是由动词加-ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n后缀构成，如learned, baked, broken, torn等。
过去分词在句子中可作定语，状语，补语和表语。尤其是作为状语，需要重点掌握。
过去分词作表语
过去分词做表语，具有形容词的属性。表示的是一种被动和已经完成了的状态。
ü The museum is closed now.
需要注意，过去分词作表语从形式上看，与被动语态是一样的。这时如何区分是过去分词作表语还是被动语态就很关键。
还是上面的句子，我们稍作修改，
ü The museum was closed by the administrator.
此时，be closed就是一个被动语态，强调一个动作的发生。
因此，在看到这种形式的时候，主要区分的是强调动作还是强调状态。
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语，可以分为前置定语和后置定语。一般单个过去分词作前置定语，过去分词短语作后置定语。过去分词短语做后置定语，作用相当于定语从句。
ü So there's a locked cupboard and you'll be informed of the code you need to open that.
ü The cuts are procured from Quebec with locally foraged ingredients rounding out each meal.
ü The helium is mostly trapped in subterranean natural gas bunkers and commercially extracted through a method known as fractional distillation.
“known as fractional distillation”作后置定语，相当于which is known as fractional distillation.
ü It is even more so when language learners choose to study the language with materials originated from that culture.
“originated from that culture.”作后置定语，相当于which are originated from that culture.
过去分词作状语
过去分词和现在分词都可以作状语，一般都能够转化成相应的状语从句。过去分词作状语一般都放在句首。过去分词通常可以作条件状语，时间状语，原因状语，结果状语，让步状语，伴随状语。
过去分词作条件状语
Finland's public finances are healthy, too, certainly compared with those elsewhere in the euro area.
过去分词作时间状语
Opened in 2002, it is central to the ambitious £84.5m Millennium Link project to restore navigability across Scotland by reconnecting the historic waterways of the Forth & Clyde and Union Canals.
过去分词作原因状语
ü Confronted with such a pressing unemployment problem,many experts bring up constructive solutions.
ü Situated in the heart of urban centres, they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers.
过去分词作伴随状语
Built in around 850 AD next to the temple of Harshat Mata, the baori comprises hundreds of zigzagging steps that run along three of its sides, steeply descending 11 storeys, resulting in a striking pattern when seen from afar.
过去分词作结果状语
The girl was hit by a shuttle bus when crossing the road, wounded severely in the head.
过去分词作补语
The board of director discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.
一般现在分词作宾语补足语有如下几种情况：
1）在感官动词之后，如see, hear, watch, feel.
2）在使役动词之后，如have, get, catch, leave.
——-第一思培原创，请勿转载